| 翻訳と辞書 |
| oral tradition ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
oral tradition
Oral tradition and oral lore is cultural material and tradition transmitted orally from one generation to another.〔Vansina, Jan: ''Oral Tradition as History'', James Currey Publisher reported statements from present generation" which "specifies that the message must be oral statements spoken, sung or called out on musical instruments
only"; "There must be transmission by word of mouth over at least a generation". He points out that "Our definition is a working definition for the use of historians. Sociologists, linguists or scholars of the verbal arts propose their own, which in, e.g., sociology, stresses common knowledge. In linguistics, features that distinguish the language from common dialogue (linguists), and in the verbal arts features of form and content that define art (folklorists)."〕〔Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: "Methodology and African Prehistory", 1990, ''UNESCO International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa''; James Currey Publishers, ISBN 0-85255-091-X, 9780852550915; see Ch. 7; "Oral tradition and its methodology" at pages 54-61; at page 54: "Oral tradition may be defined as being a testimony transmitted verbally from one generation to another. Its special characteristics are that it is verbal and the manner in which it is transmitted."〕 The messages or testimony are verbally transmitted in speech or song and may take the form, for example, of folktales, sayings, ballads, songs, or chants. In this way, it is possible for a society to transmit oral history, oral literature, oral law and other knowledges across generations without a writing system.
A narrower definition of oral tradition is sometimes appropriate.〔 Sociologists might also emphasize a requirement that the material is held in common by a group of people, over several generations, and might distinguish oral tradition from testimony or oral history.〔Henige, David. "Oral, but Oral What? The Nomenclatures of Orality and Their Implications" ''Oral Tradition'', 3/1-2 (1988): 229-38. p 232; Henige cites Jan Vansina (1985). Oral tradition as history. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press〕 In a general sense, "oral tradition" refers to the transmission of cultural material through vocal utterance, and was long held to be a key descriptor of folklore (a criterion no longer rigidly held by all folklorists).〔Degh, Linda. ''American Folklore and the Mass Media''. Bloomington: IUP, 1994, p. 31〕 As an academic discipline, it refers both to a set of objects of study and a method by which they are studied〔Dundes, Alan, "Editor's Introduction" to ''The Theory of Oral Composition'', John Miles Foley. Bloomington, IUP, 1988, pp. ix-xii〕—the method may be called variously "oral traditional theory", "the theory of Oral-Formulaic Composition" and the "Parry-Lord theory" (after two of its founders; see below) The study of oral tradition is distinct from the academic discipline of oral history,〔Henige, David. "Oral, but Oral What? The Nomenclatures of Orality and Their Implications" ''Oral Tradition'', 3/1-2 (1988): 229-38. p 232; Henige cites Jan Vansina (1985). Oral tradition as history. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press〕 which is the recording of personal memories and histories of those who experienced historical eras or events.〔(Oral History ) 〕 It is also distinct from the study of orality, which can be defined as thought and its verbal expression in societies where the technologies of literacy (especially writing and print) are unfamiliar to most of the population.〔Ong, Walter, S.J., ''Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word''. London: Methuen, 1982 p 12〕
==Study of oral tradition==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「oral tradition」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|